Revitalizing Indigenous Language: Students' Attitudes and Parental Involvement in Balinese Language Learning

README – Balinese Language Attitudes and Parental Involvement Dataset (2024–2025)

1. Dataset Title

Revitalizing Indigenous Language: Students’ Attitudes and Parental Involvement in Balinese Language Learning

2. Description

This dataset supports the article “Revitalizing Indigenous Language: Students’ Attitudes and Parental Involvement in Balinese Language Learning”, accepted for publication in the Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development.

The dataset includes:

Quantitative survey data from 665 Balinese high school students, collected in 2024. The survey examined students’ attitudes toward Balinese, parental involvement, cultural identity, and daily language use. Responses were measured using a 6-point Likert scale. The dataset also contains basic sociodemographic variables (e.g., gender, residence).

Qualitative interview data from 12 parents, conducted between 2024–2025. Transcripts are fully anonymized, with pseudonyms used in place of real names, and only relevant excerpts are included. The interviews explored parental involvement in children’s Balinese learning, challenges in multilingual environments, and strategies for fostering home and community language use.

All data have been fully anonymized and are provided in CSV and PDF formats, with an accompanying README file that describes variables, coding, and file organization.

3. Contents

Data for Confirmatory Factor Analysis_665 Students (CSV file)

Data for Confirmatory Factor Analysis_665 Students (JASP file)

Data for Exploratory Factor Analysis_355 Students (CSV file)

Data for Exploratory Factor Analysis_355 Students (JASP file)

Descriptive Statistics_665 Students (Language Attitudes and Perceived Parental Involvement) (CSV file)

Descriptive Statistics_665 Students (Language Attitudes and Perceived Parental Involvement) (JASP file)

Interview Data (Parental Involvement in Balinese Language Learning) (PDF file)Multiple Regression-Parental-Gender-Residence-Daily Use (CSV file)

Multiple Regression-Parental-Gender-Residence-Daily Use (JASP file)

4. Quantitative Survey Data

Participants: 665 high school students in Bali (2024).

Instrument: Questionnaire with 17 Likert-scale items (1 = strongly disagree … 6 = strongly agree).

Variables included:

Language attitudes (affective, cognitive and behavioral aspect).

Parental involvement (e.g., encouragement, support).

Sociodemographics (gender, residence type, daily language use).

Example Variable Coding

Item no.3: (Parental Support) My parents always teach me to use good Balinese.

Item no. 14: (Affective) I like learning Balinese at school because the lessons are fun and interesting.

Residential area was coded as 0 = homogeneous and 1 = multiethnic

Daily language use was coded as 0 = other languages and 1 = Balinese

Gender was coded as 0 = female and 1 = male

5. Qualitative Interview Data

Participants: 12 parents of Balinese from elementary to high school students (2024–2025).

Format: Semi-structured interviews, anonymized and presented with pseudonyms

Content: Transcripts include relevant excerpts exploring:

1) Parental involvement in children’s Balinese learning.

2) Challenges in multilingual family environments.

3) Strategies for fostering home and community language use.

File format: PDF.

6. Ethics and Anonymization

All data have been fully anonymized.

No personal identifiers (names, schools, addresses) are included.

Pseudonyms replace real participant names in transcripts.

7. Related Publication

This dataset underpins the analyses reported in:

Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development DOI - 10.1080/01434632.2025.2566375