Agricultural Census, 2006 - China

Abstract
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The objective of the Second National Agricultural Census is to understand in an overall manner the basic situation of agriculture, rural areas and residents of the country in order to build up foundation for the study and foimulation of economic and social development planning and scientific decision-making and to provide statistic information service to agricultural producers and operators as well as the general public The objects of the Second National Agricultural Census are the following entities and households within the territory of the People's Republic of China:

(1) Rural household: it includes rural agricultural households (rural household agricultural holdings) and rural other households no matter whether the register identification of members of the household is local or not and whether is agricultural or not. Rural agricultural households refer to those households engaged in agriculture activities, including crop farming, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery/aquaculture and agricultural service in rural areas. Rural other households refer to those households inhibited in rural areas withou tengaging agricultural activities.

(2) Urban agricultural household (urban household agricultural holdings): it refers to those households engaged in agriculture activities, including crop farming, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery/aquaculture and agricultural service in urban areas.

(3) Non-household agricultural holding: it refers to legal entities, agricultural establishments of legal entities with multiple-establishments and unregistered entities that basically satisfied with the qualification of legal person, which are engaged in agriculture activities, including crop farming, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery/aquaculture and agricultural service except households. It includes not only enterprises, public service organization and cooperative of farmer households with agriculture as the major industry, but also agricultural establishments of agricultural production and operation affiliated to industrial and mining enterprises, government agencies, social groups and schools.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Households

Universe
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The statistical unit of the AC 2006 was the agricultural holding, defined as the household or the entity in the non-household sector engaged in crop farming, animal husbandry, forestry, fishery and agricultural services on agricultural land, and that meet one of the criteria specified as a threshold (see section 7 below). The agricultural holdings were classified as: (a) household agricultural holdings or (b) non-household agricultural holdings, as identified by surveying the following entities and households within the territory of the People's Republic of China: (i) rural households;' (ii) urban agricultural households;2 and (iii) non-household agricultural holdings (agricultural establishments).

Kind of data
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Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure
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(a) Demarcation of enumeration area

- Enumeration area is demarcated according with the area administered by villagers' committee as a unit. Each enumeration area is manned by at least one supervisor;

- Under the Enumeration area, sub-enumeration areas are established according with villagers' group in principle. If no villagers' group has been set up, or the villagers' group is excessively big or the boundary is not clearly defined, or the households of the same villagers' group are dispersed in over 5 clusters, clear geographic marks should be used to demarcate the sub-enumeration area. The size of sub-enumeration area and the number of enumerator is set for the completion of field enumeration in 10-15 days. Usually, the size of sub-enumeration area is 50 to 100 households. It could be 20-50 households in the area with less population density and difficulties in transportation. Each sub-enumeration area is manned by at least one enumerator.

(b) Frame
At village level, the household list for rural residents was used as the census frame. For non-household holdings, administrative records for enterprises from government regulatory agencies were used as a reference for the census. The enumerators were required to identify each eligible enterprise and establishment in scope.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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Four types of questionnaires were used in the AC 2006:

(i) questionnaires for households (which covered all households in rural areas and urban agricultural households)
(ii) questionnaires for agricultural holdings in the non-household sector (three specific questionnaires for different types of units)
(iii) village questionnaires
(iv) township questionnaires
(v) agricultural land questionnaires

The AC 2006 questionnaires covered all 16 core items recommended for the WCA 2010 round, namely;

0001 Identification and location of agricultural holding
0002+ Legal status of agricultural holder
0003 Sex of agricultural holder
0004 Age of agricultural holder
0005 Household size
0006 Main purpose of production of the holding
0007 Area of holding according to land use types
0008 Total area of holding
0009 Land tenure types on the holding
0010 Presence of irrigation on the holding
0011 Types of temporary crops on the holding
0012 Types of permanent crops on the holding and whether in compact plantation
0013 Number of animals on the holding for each livestock type
0014 Presence of aquaculture on the holding
0015+ Presence of forest and other wooded land on the holding
0016 Other economic production activities of the holding's enterprise

Cleaning operations
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(a) DATA PROCESSING AND ARCHIVING
A combination of different methods, such as manual data entry and scanning, was used for census data capture. The software used for data capture, processing, analysis and tabulations were aPRAS and SAS. Microdata were stored on the server.

(b) CENSUS DATA QUALITY
After enumeration was completed, the ACO organized three-level data quality checks, including the PES of households, data verification on agricultural land parcels, and the proof for data processing.
The PES of households consisted of 110 sample counties covering 330 census areas, and more than 20 000 households. It was
conducted using a stratified two-stage sampling method. The census data were verified against the registration results of the AC.

Data appraisal
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Scanning (OCR) was used for census data capture. Census results were disseminated and are accessible online.

摘要
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第二届全国农业普查的宗旨在于全面把握我国农业、农村地区及居民的基本状况，以构建经济和社会发展规划研究与科学决策的基础，并为农业生产者和经营者以及公众提供统计数据服务。第二届全国农业普查的对象为中华人民共和国境内以下实体及家庭：
(1) 农村家庭：包括农村农业家庭（农村家庭农业经营单位）和农村其他家庭，不论家庭成员的户籍登记为本地还是外地，以及是否从事农业活动。农村农业家庭指从事农业活动，包括农作物种植、林业、畜牧业、渔业/水产养殖以及农村地区农业服务的家庭。农村其他家庭指居住在农村地区且不从事农业活动的家庭。
(2) 城市农业家庭（城市家庭农业经营单位）：指在城市地区从事农业活动，包括农作物种植、林业、畜牧业、渔业/水产养殖以及农业服务的家庭。
(3) 非家庭农业经营单位：指具备法人资格或基本满足法人资格条件，从事农业活动，包括农作物种植、林业、畜牧业、渔业/水产养殖以及农业服务（除家庭外）的法人实体、农业经营单位的多实体农业经营单位和未注册实体。它不仅包括企业、公共服务组织和以农业为主要产业的农民专业合作社，还包括隶属于工业和矿业企业、政府部门、社会团体和学校的农业经营单位。
地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖
分析单位
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家庭
总体
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2006年农业普查的统计单元为农业经营单位，定义为在农业用地上从事农作物种植、畜牧业、林业、渔业和农业服务的家庭或非家庭部门的实体，且满足以下标准之一（详见第7节）。农业经营单位分为：
(a) 家庭农业经营单位或
(b) 非家庭农业经营单位，通过调查中华人民共和国境内的以下实体和家庭进行识别：
(i) 农村家庭；
(ii) 城市农业家庭；
(iii) 非家庭农业经营单位（农业经营单位）。
数据类型
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普查/统计数据 [cen]
抽样程序
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(a) 普查区域划分
- 普查区域按村民委员会行政管理区域划分。每个普查区域至少配备一名普查员；
- 在普查区域下，原则上按村民组建立次级普查区域。如果没有设立村民组，或者村民组规模过大或边界不明确，或者同一村民组的家庭分散在5个以上聚居点，应使用明确的地理标记划分次级普查区域。次级普查区域的大小和普查员数量应根据10-15天内完成现场普查的需要设定。通常，次级普查区域的大小为50至100户。在人口密度较低、交通不便的地区，次级普查区域的大小可为20-50户。每个次级普查区域至少配备一名普查员。
(b) 框架
在村级，使用农村居民的家庭名单作为普查框架。对于非家庭经营单位，使用政府部门监管机构的企业行政记录作为普查的参考。普查员需要识别范围内的每个有资格的企业和单位。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
调查工具
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2006年农业普查使用了四种类型的问卷：
(i) 家庭问卷（涵盖所有农村地区和城市农业家庭的家庭）
(ii) 非家庭经营单位农业经营单位的问卷（针对不同类型单位的三种具体问卷）
(iii) 村庄问卷
(iv) 乡镇问卷
(v) 农业土地问卷
2006年农业普查问卷涵盖了WCA 2010轮次推荐的16个核心项目，即：
0001 农业经营单位标识和位置
0002+ 农业经营单位法律地位
0003 农业经营单位负责人性别
0004 农业经营单位负责人年龄
0005 家庭人口规模
0006 经营单位生产的主要目的
0007 按土地利用类型划分的经营单位面积
0008 经营单位总面积
0009 经营单位土地产权类型
0010 经营单位灌溉情况
0011 经营单位临时作物类型
0012 经营单位永久作物类型及其是否为密集种植
0013 经营单位每种牲畜类型的牲畜数量
0014 经营单位水产养殖情况
0015+ 经营单位森林和其他林地情况
0016 经营单位企业的其他经济生产活动
数据清洗操作
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(a) 数据处理与存档
使用多种方法，如人工数据录入和扫描，进行普查数据采集。用于数据采集、处理、分析和制表的软件为aPRAS和SAS。微观数据存储在服务器上。
(b) 普查数据质量
普查完成后，国家农业普查办公室组织了三级数据质量检查，包括家庭PES、农业土地地块数据验证和数据处理的证明。
家庭PES包括110个样本县，涵盖330个普查区域，超过20,000户家庭。它采用分层两阶段抽样方法进行。
普查数据与普查登记结果进行了核对。
数据评估
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使用扫描（OCR）进行普查数据采集。普查结果已公布并可在网上获取。