Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to evaluate the effect of forest type (Np = pure deciduous forests, M = mixed deciduous-evergreen forests, Nb = pure evergreen forests) and landscapes (COA = coasts and, MOU = mountains) on.

(i) forest structure: BA = basal area (m2 ha-1), DH = dominant height (m), DBH = diameter at breast height (cm), CC = canopy cover (%), and RLAI = relative leaf area index; (ii) climate: TR = transmitted total solar radiation (%), SM = soil moisture (%), PP = effective annual precipitation (mm yr-1), ST = soil temperature (°C), AT = air temperature (°C), and RH = relative air humidity (%); (iii) soil and forest floor characteristics: S = slope (%), pH = pH of the upper 10 cm of the soil, R = resistance to penetration (N cm-2), BS = bare soil cover (%), Ds = woody debris cover up to 5 cm diameter (%), and VC = vascular plant cover including ferns, monocots and dicots (%), L = lichen cover (%).