黄河流域景观格局演化及生境适宜性评价 英文标题:Landscape Pattern Evolution and Habitat Suitability Evaluation of the Yellow River Basin

为应对黄河流域物种濒临灭绝的生境破碎化危机，解决确定物种的生境适宜性条件是生物多样性保护的关键科学问题。本文基于3S(RS、GIS、GPS)技术，从物种所需最基本的生境条件出发，在不考虑各类物种生境的空间异质性的条件下，确定整个生物物种生存繁衍的适宜生境条件，对从整体上研究生物多样性具有重大的现实意义。本研究首先从黄河流域2000年、2005年、2010年三年景观构成动态变化特征和景观格局动态分布特性出发，对比分析黄河流域2000-2010年景观构成动态演化特征;然后通过分析研究区内各种生物种最基本的生存因子，选取土地利用类型、地形、水系和人类活动等指标因子，构建生境适宜性评价模型对黄河流域的整体潜在生境适宜性进行评价;最后通过其时空变化特征，提出相应的管理对策与建议。研究结果表明:(1)从景观格局构成动态演化来说，在2000-2010年间林地和建设用地面积处于增加状态，而耕地面积则呈现出减少的趋势。基于景观指数表明，研究区内斑块数目(NP)和斑块密度(PD)均表现出逐渐增加的趋势，但其增幅较小;景观形状指数(LSI)是先升高后降低，表明整体景观要素单元正朝向规则化发展，破碎化程度正逐渐减弱;分维数指数(PAFRAC)和空间邻近距离指数(ENN)在研究期间均处于较高水平，但呈下降趋势;整个黄河流域生态系统的景观多样性指数(SHDI)在2000-2010年中逐渐增大，由2000年的1.4777增大到2010年的1.4913，说明多样性在逐渐好转，异质性逐渐升高;同时，景观均匀度指数(SHEI)在研究期中也逐渐增大，由2000年的0.8247增大到2010年的0.8323，其变化趋势均反映了在研究期内黄河流域各要素类型在整个景观中所占的比例的差异降低，优势类型景观在逐渐减少，呈均匀化趋势变化，这可能是由于人为干扰，所占比例较大的耕地面积明显减少以及所占比例较小的建设用地面积明显增加，因此各景观所占的比例朝着均一化方向发展。(2)本研究选取土地利用类型、海拔高程、坡度、距保护区距离、距道路距离和距水源距离作为指标因子，利用基于加速遗传算法的层次分析法(AGA-AHP)计算各指标因子的权重，构建生境适宜性评价模型(HSI)，对黄河流域2000-2010年间的生境适宜性进行评价。通过权重计算，得出距离指标因子对黄河流域的生境适宜性影响最大，土地利用类型指标因子次之，高程和坡度因子最小。从整体分布来看，黄河源头及中游生境适宜性较高，黄河上游兰州至头道拐一带以及黄河下游三门峡以下的区域生境适宜性则相对较低。从变化趋势来看，2010年黄河流域的整体生境质量要优于2000年，呈现上升趋势;其中生境适宜性变好的区域面积为39011.69 km2，占研究区4.92%，主要集中在河套平原、黄土高原、关中平原西部、西北部和黄河三角洲等区域;生境适宜性变差的区域面积为11831.94km2，占1.49%，主要集中在鄂尔多斯高原中西部、关中平原中部和宁夏平原中南部等部分地区。

To address the habitat fragmentation crisis threatening endangered species in the Yellow River Basin, determining the habitat suitability conditions of target species is a key scientific issue for biodiversity conservation. Based on 3S (RS, GIS, GPS) technologies and starting from the most basic habitat requirements of species, this study identifies the suitable habitat conditions for the survival and reproduction of biological species as a whole, without considering the spatial heterogeneity of habitat for different species, which is of great practical significance for overall biodiversity research.

This research first starts from the dynamic change characteristics of landscape composition and the dynamic distribution properties of landscape patterns in the Yellow River Basin during 2000, 2005 and 2010, and conducts a comparative analysis of the dynamic evolution characteristics of landscape composition in the basin from 2000 to 2010; then, by analyzing the most basic survival factors of various biological species in the study area, selects indicator factors including land use type, topography, water system and human activities, and constructs a habitat suitability evaluation model to evaluate the overall potential habitat suitability of the Yellow River Basin; finally, proposes corresponding management countermeasures and suggestions based on its spatiotemporal change characteristics.

The research results show that:
(1) Regarding the dynamic evolution of landscape pattern composition: From 2000 to 2010, the areas of forest land and construction land increased, while the area of cultivated land showed a decreasing trend. Based on landscape metrics, the number of patches (NP) and patch density (PD) in the study area both exhibited a gradual upward trend with a small increase; the landscape shape index (LSI) first increased and then decreased, indicating that overall landscape element units are developing towards regularization and the degree of fragmentation is gradually weakening; the fractal dimension index (PAFRAC) and Euclidean nearest neighbor distance index (ENN) remained at relatively high levels during the study period but showed a downward trend; the landscape diversity index (SHDI) of the entire Yellow River Basin ecosystem gradually increased from 1.4777 in 2000 to 1.4913 in 2010, indicating that biodiversity is gradually improving and heterogeneity is increasing; meanwhile, the landscape evenness index (SHEI) also gradually increased during the study period, rising from 0.8247 in 2000 to 0.8323 in 2010. The changing trends reflect that the differences in the proportions of various landscape element types in the entire landscape of the Yellow River Basin have decreased during the study period, the dominant landscape types are gradually decreasing, and the landscape is developing towards homogenization. This may be due to human disturbances: the area of cultivated land, which accounted for a large proportion, has significantly decreased, while the area of construction land, which accounted for a small proportion, has significantly increased, leading to the homogenization of the proportions of various landscape types.
(2) This study selected land use type, elevation, slope, distance to protected areas, distance to roads and distance to water sources as indicator factors, used the Analytic Hierarchy Process based on Accelerated Genetic Algorithm (AGA-AHP) to calculate the weights of each indicator factor, and constructed a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model to evaluate the habitat suitability of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2010. Through weight calculation, it is concluded that distance-related indicator factors have the greatest impact on the habitat suitability of the Yellow River Basin, followed by land use type indicator factors, while elevation and slope factors have the smallest impact. From the overall distribution, the habitat suitability in the source area and the middle reaches of the Yellow River is relatively high, while the areas from Lanzhou to Toudaoguai in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the area below Sanmenxia in the lower reaches of the Yellow River have relatively low habitat suitability. From the perspective of changing trends, the overall habitat quality of the Yellow River Basin in 2010 was better than that in 2000, showing an upward trend; among them, the area with improved habitat suitability was 39011.69 km², accounting for 4.92% of the study area, mainly concentrated in areas such as the Hetao Plain, Loess Plateau, western and northwestern Guanzhong Plain, and the Yellow River Delta; the area with deteriorated habitat suitability was 11831.94 km², accounting for 1.49%, mainly concentrated in parts of the central and western Ordos Plateau, central Guanzhong Plain, and central and southern Ningxia Plain.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于黄河流域2000年至2010年的景观格局演化及生境适宜性评价研究。通过分析土地利用、地形、水系和人类活动等指标，构建了生境适宜性评价模型，揭示了景观构成变化和生境质量的时空特征。研究结果显示，在此期间，林地、建设用地增加，耕地减少，整体生境质量呈上升趋势，但区域间存在差异。