Effects of agricultural management policies on the exposure of Black-winged Stilts (Himantopus himantopus) chicks to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides in rice fields

Black-winged Stilt chicks were captured during the breeding season (from April to August) from 2005-2011 in Doñana rice fields located near the Guadalquivir marshes (37º09N 06º08W, SW Spain), in 2009-2010 in rice fields of Sidi Allal Tazi and in 2009-2011 in rice fields of Larache (both sites in NW Morocco, 34º30N 6º16W and 35º11N 6º07W respectively). Birds were also sampled at natural ponds in the Doñana area in 2010-2011 (37º04N 6º27W), and in natural wetlands at Larache and a coastal lagoon in Briech (NW Morocco, 35º11N 6º07W and 35º31N 6º00W respectively) in 2011.