Supplement to "Air Pollution, Genetic Factors and the Risk of Osteoporosis: A Prospective Study in the UK Biobank"

Based on previous reports and data from the UK Biobank, we evaluated the relationship between OP risk and every air pollutant. Then air pollution scores (APS) were constructed to assess the combined effects of multiple air pollutants on OP risk. Finally, we constructed a genetic risk score (GRS) based on a large genome-wide association study of femoral neck bone mineral density and assessed whether single or combined exposure to air pollutants modifies the effect of genetic risk on OP and fracture risk.