Cognitive Competence Acquisition Using Virtual Reality Simulator and Educational Video in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

40 medical students were enrolled. They were randomized into two groups (video group and simulator group). In the video group, participants watched the step-by-step educational video twice. In the simulator group, participants underwent training using the virtual reality simulator. After the training, cognitive competence including decision making and error awareness was assessed using a questionnaire.