Brick Kiln Dataset for Pakistan's IGP Region Using AI

Brick Kilns - IGP Pakistan 

This dataset represents the first comprehensive geospatial mapping of brick kiln sites across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region of Pakistan. It provides a consolidated and standardized collection of kiln locations alongside estimated emissions from brick production. The dataset is intended to support air quality research, emissions inventories, exposure analyses, and environmental policy development.

All geospatial data are provided in the standard Coordinate Reference System:

CRS: EPSG:4326 (WGS 84)

1. Geographic Coverage

Region: Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), Pakistan

States / Provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan (where applicable)

2. Data Files Provided

The dataset is available in two formats for interoperability:

GeoJSON (.geojson)

CSV (.csv)

Two types of files are included:

A. Main Files — ID & Basic Information

These contain only site-level geospatial identifiers without emissions.

Columns:

Column
Description

id
Unique identifier for each brick kiln

lat
Latitude (EPSG:4326)

lon
Longitude (EPSG:4326)

type
Kiln technology (FCBK, Zigzag)

state
Province within Pakistan

country
Country (Pakistan)

status
Operational status (Operating, Unknown, Closed if available)

These files are suitable for mapping, spatial joins, geofencing, and administrative overlays.

B. Emissions Files — Coal Fuel Scenario & Biomass Fuel Scenario

Two separate emissions files are provided:

*_coal_*.csv

*_biomass_*.csv

This allows users to model emissions under different fuel-use assumptions.

Columns:

Column
Description

id
Unique kiln identifier (consistent with the main file)

lat
Latitude

lon
Longitude

type
Kiln type

fuel
Coal or Biomass (depending on file)

state
Province

country
Country

status
Operational status

capacity_tonnes
Annual production in tonnes per year

emfpm10
PM₁₀ emission factor based on fuel type (tonnes per tonne of activity or equivalent unit)

pm10_t_yr
Annual PM₁₀ emissions (tonnes/year)

emfpm25
PM₂.₅ emission factor based on fuel type (tonnes per tonne of activity or equivalent unit)

pm25_t_yr
Annual PM₂.₅ emissions (tonnes/year)

emfso2
SO₂ emission factor based on fuel type (tonnes per tonne of activity or equivalent unit)

so2_t_yr
Annual SO₂ emissions (tonnes/year)

emfnox
NOₓ emission factor based on fuel type (tonnes per tonne of activity or equivalent unit)

nox_t_yr
Annual NOₓ emissions (tonnes/year)

source
Data producer

Funding Acknowledgment

This dataset was produced with support from:

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford