Forest CoverType Dataset

Predicting forest cover type from cartographic variables only (no remotely sensed data). The actual forest cover type for a given observation (30 x 30 meter cell) was determined from US Forest Service (USFS) Region 2 Resource Information System (RIS) data. Independent variables were derived from data originally obtained from US Geological Survey (USGS) and USFS data. Data is in raw form (not scaled) and contains binary (0 or 1) columns of data for qualitative independent variables (wilderness areas and soil types).

This study area includes four wilderness areas located in the Roosevelt National Forest of northern Colorado. These areas represent forests with minimal human-caused disturbances, so that existing forest cover types are more a result of ecological processes rather than forest management practices.

Some background information for these four wilderness areas: Neota (area 2) probably has the highest mean elevational value of the 4 wilderness areas. Rawah (area 1) and Comanche Peak (area 3) would have a lower mean elevational value, while Cache la Poudre (area 4) would have the lowest mean elevational value.

As for primary major tree species in these areas, Neota would have spruce/fir (type 1), while Rawah and Comanche Peak would probably have lodgepole pine (type 2) as their primary species, followed by spruce/fir and aspen (type 5). Cache la Poudre would tend to have Ponderosa pine (type 3), Douglas-fir (type 6), and cottonwood/willow (type 4).

The Rawah and Comanche Peak areas would tend to be more typical of the overall dataset than either the Neota or Cache la Poudre, due to their assortment of tree species and range of predictive variable values (elevation, etc.) Cache la Poudre would probably be more unique than the others, due to its relatively low elevation range and species composition.

仅凭地图变量预测森林覆盖类型（不使用遥感数据）。特定观测点（30米 x 30米单元格）的实际森林覆盖类型是根据美国森林管理局（USFS）区域2资源信息系统（RIS）数据确定的。自变量源于最初由美国地质调查局（USGS）和美国森林管理局提供的数据。数据以原始形式呈现（未经缩放），包含表示定性自变量（荒野区域和土壤类型）的二进制（0或1）数据列。

本研究区域包括位于科罗拉多州北部罗斯福国家公园的四片荒野区域。这些区域代表了人类活动干扰极小的森林，因此现有的森林覆盖类型更多地是生态过程的产物，而非森林管理实践的结果。

关于这四个荒野区域的一些背景信息：内奥塔（区域2）可能是四个荒野区域中平均海拔最高的。拉瓦赫（区域1）和科曼奇峰（区域3）的平均海拔可能较低，而卡什拉波德鲁（区域4）的平均海拔可能最低。

至于这些区域的主要树种，内奥塔将以云杉/冷杉（类型1）为主，而拉瓦赫和科曼奇峰可能以冷杉松（类型2）为主要树种，其次是云杉/冷杉和 Aspen（类型5）。卡什拉波德鲁倾向于拥有ponderosa松（类型3）、Douglas冷杉（类型6）和棉白杨/柳树（类型4）。

拉瓦赫和科曼奇峰区域在树种组合和预测变量值（海拔等）的范围内更符合整个数据集的典型特征，相较于内奥塔或卡什拉波德鲁。卡什拉波德鲁由于其相对较低的海拔范围和物种组成，可能比其他区域更具独特性。