The genera Helvella and Dissingia (Ascomycota: Pezizomycetes) in Europe – Notes on species from Spain

Phylogenetic analyses of 115 newly collected Helvella specimens from Spain
using three genetic markers [heat shock protein 90 (hsp), RNA polymerase
II second largest subunit (rpb2) and the nuclear large subunit ribosomal
DNA (LSU)] confirm the assignment of the Spanish collections to one
Dissingia and 30 Helvella species. The analyses were supplemented with an
additional sample of 65 Spanish and extralimital Helvella specimens from
the fungaria of Oslo (O), Trondheim (TRH), Copenhagen (C), Uppsala (UPS),
Stockholm (S) and Venice (MCVE). Nine species are described as new, i.e.
Helvella fuscolacunosa, H. hispanica, H. iberica, H. inexpectata, H.
neopallescens, H. phlebophoroides, H. poculiformis, H. retinervis, and H.
terricola. We present photographs of a selection of fresh specimens and
provide descriptions of all species of this diverse South European
Mediterranean element of the genera in Europe.