PROMEQ: Health and Well-being of People Aged 65 and Over 2017-2018

The survey charted the social participation, mental and physical well-being, use of social and health services, and satisfaction with life of Finnish people aged over 65. The data were collected as part of the Inclusive Promotion of Health and Wellbeing (PROMEQ 2016-2019) research project, which studied population groups that need special support. The aim of the PROMEQ project was to develop and demonstrate novel models of promotion of health and wellbeing. Survey data from the other target groups of the project as well as combined data from all surveys are also available at FSD (FSD3432-FSD3436). The respondents were assigned into test and control groups. Three surveys were conducted in total: a baseline survey (Questionnaire A) was conducted at the beginning of the research and two follow-up surveys were collected three (Questionnaire B) and six months (Questionnaire C) after the baseline survey. All three surveys are included in this dataset. The test group received social support, guidance, and counselling services, and participated in different inclusive activities. The control group participants were offered conventional services if they sought help. The services offered to the test group included, for instance, inclusive case management aimed at the elderly living at home and at risk of social exclusion because of loneliness or feelings of unsafety. The case management was organised in the form of five group meetings during a six-month period. 6-8 people aged 65 and over, the case manager for the region, and one of the researchers participated in each meeting. The surveys included many scales and questions used in other studies. Questions were selected, for instance, from the Finnish Youth Surveys, as well as the Regional Health and Well-being Study (ATH) and Welfare and Services in Finland (HYPA) surveys conducted by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL). Most questions included in the baseline survey were repeated in the follow-up surveys. First, the surveys charted the respondents' living conditions, income, loans and need for financial aid or food assistance. The respondents' health, well-being and quality of life was examined with questions on, for example, how satisfied the respondents were with their health, how much they had enjoyed life in the past two weeks, how safe and secure they felt in their everyday life, and whether they had enough energy and drive for their daily life. Satisfaction with different spheres of life was also surveyed with questions regarding, for example, quality of sleep, capacity to work, relationships, and support received from friends. Social relationships and trust were examined next. The respondents were asked whether they often felt lonely and whether they had ever been discriminated based on factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, or financial situation. Questions also focused on the respondents' sociability and feelings of belonging (e.g. whether they felt they were a part of a friend group, had much in common with people around them, and could find company when they wanted to, or whether they felt left out and isolated). The respondents' trust in other people and various institutions, such as public health care, the judicial system, and municipal decision-making, was examined. The respondents' opinions on their own opportunities in life were also surveyed (e.g. whether they thought they had good or bad opportunities to strive for happiness in their life and to act according to their conscience). Barriers to social participation were examined, and the respondents were asked whether there were obstacles that prevented them or made it difficult for them to meet other people outside their home (e.g. memory problems, difficulties moving outside, fear of social situations, or poor self-esteem). Next, big life changes were surveyed. The respondents were asked whether they had experienced any negative or unpleasant changes (e.g. serious illness, losing their partner, decrease in income) or any positive or interesting changes (e.g. finding a new partner or friend, significant improvement in health) in the past year. Participation and interest in events and activities arranged by various organisers, such as pensioners' organisations, parishes, or sports clubs, was also examined. The respondents' general happiness and satisfaction was investigated with statements concerning, for example, whether they knew how they wanted to live their life, had enough joy in their life, and felt useful. Finally, the respondents' use of social and health services was surveyed. The respondents were asked whether they had visited a doctor or other health or social services professional or received support services (e.g. cooking, cleaning or transport services) in the past 12 months (3 or 6 months in the follow-up survey). Additionally, the respondents were asked whether they had been treated in various health care facilities or bought medication during the past year. Questions also focused on basic social assistance, the respondents' satisfaction with the availability of various social and public services, and the respondents' participation in group activities promoting health and well-being (e.g. weight management groups, AA, NA). The respondents' lifestyle was also examined with questions on their exercise, eating and drinking habits. Background variables included, among others, the respondent's gender, year of birth, marital status, highest level of education, household composition, and economic activity and occupational status. Additionally, the background information included whether the respondent belonged to the test or control group.

本调查绘制了65岁及以上芬兰公民的社会参与度、心理健康与身体健康状况、社会与健康服务的使用情况，以及对生活的满意度。数据收集作为增进健康与福祉包容性推广（PROMEQ 2016-2019）研究项目的一部分，该项目专注于需要特别支持的人口群体。PROMEQ项目的目标在于开发并展示促进健康与福祉的新模式。该项目的其他目标群体调查数据以及所有调查的合并数据亦可在FSD（FSD3432-FSD3436）中获取。受访者被分配到测试组和对照组。总共进行了三次调查：一项基线调查（问卷A）在研究初期进行，以及两次随访调查，分别在基线调查后三个月（问卷B）和六个月（问卷C）进行。所有三次调查均包含在本数据集中。测试组接受了社会支持、指导和咨询服务，并参与不同的包容性活动。对照组的参与者如果在寻求帮助时，将获得传统服务。测试组提供的服务包括针对居住在家且因孤独或不安感面临社会排斥风险的老年人的包容性案例管理。案例管理以六个月内五次小组会议的形式组织。每次会议有6-8位65岁以上的受访者、该地区案例管理人员以及一位研究人员参加。调查包含了众多在其他研究中使用的量表和问题。例如，问题选自芬兰青年调查、区域健康与福祉研究（ATH）以及芬兰社会福利与健康研究所（THL）进行的福利与服务在芬兰（HYPA）调查。基线调查中的大多数问题都在后续调查中重复出现。首先，调查描绘了受访者的生活状况、收入、贷款以及对于财务援助或食物援助的需求。通过诸如受访者对自身健康状况的满意度、过去两周的生活享受程度、日常生活中的安全感和安全感，以及他们是否拥有足够的能量和动力来应对日常生活等问题，对受访者的健康、福祉和生活质量进行了考察。通过关于睡眠质量、工作能力、人际关系以及从朋友那里获得的支持等问题，对生活的不同领域满意度也进行了调查。接下来，调查了社会关系和信任。受访者被问及是否经常感到孤独，以及他们是否因为年龄、性别、种族或经济状况等因素而遭受歧视。问题还聚焦于受访者的社交性和归属感（例如，他们是否觉得自己是朋友群体的一部分，与周围的人有很多共同之处，在需要的时候能够找到同伴，或者他们是否觉得自己被排斥和孤立）。还考察了受访者在公众卫生保健、司法系统以及市政决策等不同机构和人士中的信任度。调查还涉及受访者对自己生活中机会的看法（例如，他们是否认为自己在追求幸福以及按照自己的良心行事方面有好的或坏的机会）。随后，调查了社会参与障碍，受访者被问及是否存在阻碍他们或使他们难以在家庭之外与他人相遇的障碍（例如记忆问题、移动困难、对社交场合的恐惧或自尊心低下）。接着，调查了大范围的生活变化。受访者被问及在过去一年中是否经历了任何负面或不愉快的改变（例如严重疾病、失去伴侣、收入减少）或任何正面或有趣的改变（例如找到新的伴侣或朋友、健康状况显著改善）。还考察了受访者对由各种组织者，如退休人员组织、教区或体育俱乐部举办的各类活动和事件的参与和兴趣。通过关于生活满意度、是否了解自己希望如何生活、生活中是否有足够的快乐以及是否感到有用等陈述，调查了受访者的总体幸福感和满意度。最后，调查了受访者对社交和健康服务的使用情况。受访者被问及在过去12个月（随访调查中为3个月或6个月）内是否访问过医生或其他健康或社会服务专业人员，或是否接受过支持服务（例如烹饪、清洁或交通服务）。此外，受访者还被问及在过去一年内是否在各类医疗机构接受过治疗或购买过药物。问题还聚焦于基本社会援助、受访者对各种社会和公共服务的可用性的满意度，以及受访者参与促进健康与福祉的团体活动的情况（例如体重管理小组、匿名会、匿名匿名会）。通过对受访者运动、饮食和饮酒习惯的提问，也考察了他们的生活方式。背景变量包括受访者的性别、出生年份、婚姻状况、最高教育水平、家庭构成以及经济活动和工作状态。此外，背景信息还包括受访者是否属于测试组或对照组。