Analysis of psychedelic control of primary human monocytes

Neuroimmune interactions—signals transmitted between immune and brain cells—regulate many aspects of tissue physiology including responses to psychological stress, which can predispose individuals to develop neuropsychiatric diseases. Still, the interactions between hematopoietic and brain-resident cells that influence complex behaviors are poorly understood. Here, we used a combination of genomic and behavioral screens to demonstrate that astrocytes in the amygdala limit stress-induced fear behavior through EGFR. Mechanistically, amygdala astrocyte EGFR expression inhibits a stress-induced pro-inflammatory signal transduction cascade that facilitates neuro-glial cross-talk and stress-induced fear behavior through the orphan nuclear receptor NR2F2 in amygdala neurons. We uncovered that, in turn, decreased EGFR signaling and fear behavior were associated with meningeal monocyte recruitment during chronic stress. This set of neuroimmune interactions was therapeutically targetable by psychedelic administration, which reversed monocyte accumulation in the brain meninges along with fear behavior. Together with validation in clinical samples, these data suggest that psychedelics can be used to target neuroimmune interactions relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders and potentially other inflammatory diseases. To investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of MDMA and psilocybin in human monocytes, we treated human monocytes in vitro with 10uM psilocybin, 10uM MDMA, and 100 ng/mL LPS and performed bulk RNA-sequencing. We performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of human monocytes following treatment with PBS, 100 ng/mL LPS, 10uM psilocybin, 10uM MDMA, or combination treatments.