Antimicrobial resistance rates of S. pneumonia.

Notes:aNumber of resistant strains/total number of strains in each study, expressed as %. Methods and breakpoints applied:[41] Methods and breakpoints: not defined.[50] Methods: disk diffusion and Etest (penicillin): breakpoint penicillin intermediate resistance MIC 0.12-1 µg/ml; resistance ≥2.0 µg/ml (NCCLS/CLSI 2002 M100 S12).[46] Methods: agar dilution; breakpoint penicillin intermediate resistance MIC 0.12-1 µg/ml, resistance ≥2.0 µg/ml (NCCLS/CLSI 2001M7-A4).[48] Methods: disk diffusion and Etest; breakpoints penicillin intermediate resistance: MIC 0.12-1 µg/ml, resistance ≥2 µg/ml (CLSI 2006 M100-S16).[43] Methods: broth microdilution; breakpoints penicillin intermediate resistance: 0.12-1 µg/ml; resistance: MIC ≥2 µg/ml (CLSI).[39] Method: disk diffusion; breakpoints according to NCCLS/CLSI (details not given).NAMRU: Methods: disk diffusion and Etest; breakpoints (CLSI 2007).IPC: Methods: disk diffusion and Etest; breakpoint penicillin intermediate resistance: MIC >0.06 mg/l, resistance >2 mg/l (Recommendations Société Française de Microbiologie (RSFM) 2007).SH AHC: Methods: disk diffusion and Etests; breakpoints (CLSI 2011).ACH: Methods: disk diffusion and Etest; breakpoints (CLSI 2012).bSum of all resistant organisms/sum of all organisms tested.