Experimental study on the self-suspending proppant-laden flow in a single fracture

Abstract The flow of proppant-laden fluid (PLF) in the fracture is a typical problem of solid-liquid two phase flow, and the transportation and deposition of proppants are essential to determine the flow conductivity of hydraulic fracturing. The self-suspending proppant with a water soluble surface coating is a newly presented supporting material and has great potential for hydraulic fracturing. The purpose of this paper is to understand the physical process, and investigate the effect of the self-suspending proppant on particle placement and transportation in the fracture. Two experiments of the PLF flow were conducted in a fracture, using the common ceramic proppant and self-suspending proppant, respectively. The fracture was formed by two parallel plexiglass planes, and was 4000 mm in length, 10 mm in width and 600 mm in height. It was found that four different zones developed when proppants were injected into the fracture continuously, which were the proppant bank zone, tumbling zone, suspending zone, and free zone. Compared with the common proppant, the self-suspending proppant changes the particle distribution in the fracture, and increases the thickness of proppant suspending and bank zone. The motion behavior of self-suspending proppants in the fracture is described. The conclusion is that appropriate reduction in the proppant concentration and density is beneficial to the good distribution and transportation of proppants in the fracture, and the self-suspending proppant favors the effective supporting of fracture.