Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) as was shown for mammals is expressed in various tissues and cells, including myeloid dendritic cells, macrophages, respiratory and intestinal epithelium, neurons and microglial cells to induce antiviral and inflammatory responses of the innate immunity in combating viral infections.<p>TLR3 recognizes dsRNA in the endosome and that triggers the receptor dimerization. TLR3 recruits the adaptor TRIF (TICAM1), leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B and the production of type I interferons (IFNs). dsRNA-stimulated phosphorylation of two specific TLR3 tyrosine residues (Tyr759 and Tyr858) is essential for initiating TLR3 signaling pathways.

Toll 样受体 3 (TLR3)，正如哺乳动物所展示的那样，在多种组织和细胞中表达，包括髓样树突状细胞、巨噬细胞、呼吸道和肠道上皮细胞、神经元以及小胶质细胞，以诱导固有免疫对病毒感染的抗病毒和炎症反应。TLR3 识别内体中的双链 RNA (dsRNA)，并触发受体的二聚化。TLR3 招募适配体 TRIF (TICAM1)，导致 NF-κB 的激活和 I 型干扰素 (IFNs) 的产生。双链 RNA 刺激的两种特定 TLR3 酪氨酸残基（Tyr759 和 Tyr858）的磷酸化对于启动 TLR3 信号通路至关重要。