1996-2020年安塞试验站空气和土壤温度长期监测数据集

气温是地面气象站测定的常规要素之一，是反映一个地区气候特征的重要因子。土壤作为地球表层系统的基本组成成分，在储存养分、维持植物生长、涵养水源、稳定和缓冲环境变化等方面发挥着重要作用。土壤与大气之间不断进行着能量和物质交换，气温直接对土壤温度产生影响。中国科学院安塞水土保持综合试验站是中国生态系统研究网络（CERN）生态站和国家野外科学观测研究站之一，该试验站受中温带干旱大陆性季风气候的影响，具有低温、低湿、降水稀少的气候特点，可作为生态环境建设长期监测以及科学研究的试验示范地。本文利用安塞生态站气象观测场人工和自动气象观测系统，经过数据采集与处理，数据质量控制和评估，将1996–2020年25年日平均气温、日最高和最低气温、地表日平均温度，5 cm、10 cm、15 cm、20 cm、40 cm、60 cm和100 cm深度的日平均土壤温度数据共计2个表格763 KB公开报道，以期为黄土高原植被恢复、生物多样性维持及生态环境的恢复提供数据支持，从而更好地为生态系统功能服务。

Air temperature is one of the routine elements measured by ground meteorological stations, and it is an important factor reflecting the climatic characteristics of a region. Soil, as a basic component of the Earth's surface system, plays an important role in storing nutrients, supporting plant growth, conserving water sources, stabilizing and buffering environmental changes, and other aspects. Continuous energy and material exchanges occur between soil and the atmosphere, and air temperature directly affects soil temperature. The Ansai Comprehensive Experimental Station for Soil and Water Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is one of the ecological stations of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) and national field scientific observation and research stations. Affected by the mid-temperate arid continental monsoon climate, this experimental station has the climatic characteristics of low temperature, low humidity, and scarce precipitation, and can serve as an experimental demonstration site for long-term monitoring of ecological environment construction and scientific research. This study uses the manual and automatic meteorological observation systems in the meteorological observation field of the Ansai Ecological Station. After data collection and processing, data quality control and assessment, the 25-year (1996–2020) datasets including daily average air temperature, daily maximum and minimum air temperatures, daily average surface temperature, and daily average soil temperatures at depths of 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, and 100 cm, totaling 2 tables with a size of 763 KB, are publicly reported. This is intended to provide data support for vegetation restoration, biodiversity conservation, and ecological environment restoration on the Loess Plateau, so as to better serve ecosystem functions.