Data_Sheet_2_Effects of Anemoside B4 on Diarrhea Incidence, Serum Indices, and Fecal Microbial of Suckling Calves.zip

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Anemoside B4 on diarrhea incidence, serum indices, and fecal microbial of suckling calves. Sixty newborn Chinese Holstein calves with similar body weight (43.7 ± 3.9 kg) were randomly divided into four groups with 15 calves each, fed the diet which was supplied 0 (CON), 15 (A1), 30 (A2), and 45 (A3) mg/day of Anemoside B4, respectively. The trial period is 56 days. The blood and fecal samples were collected at 28 and 56 days of age. Results show that during the whole trial period, the diarrhea incidence in Group A1, A2, and A3 was significantly lower than that in Group CON (p < 0.05). Compared with the Group CON, Anemoside B4 supplementation significantly decreased the contents of serum D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase at 28-day-old (p < 0.05). At 56-day-old, the content of serum D-lactic acid in Group A3 tended to be higher (0.05 < p < 0.01), and the content of serum diamine oxidase in Group A3 increased significantly, in comparison with Group CON (p < 0.05). Group A3 increased the level of Chao1 and Simpson indices at 28-day-old (0.05 < p < 0.01), and Chao1, Observed_species, Shannon, and Simpson indices at 56-day-old (p < 0.05), in comparison to Group CON. Compared with Group CON, 45 mg / day Anemoside B4 supplementation significantly increased the contents of Bacteroidota (at the phylum level), Prevotella (at the genus level) at 28-day-old (p < 0.05), and the content of Sutterella (at the genus level) at 56-day-old (p < 0.05), promoted the processes of energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between Prevotella and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, energy metabolism, and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism. A positive correlation was observed between Sutterella and energy metabolism. In conclusion, Anemoside B4 could effectively alleviate calf diarrhea, protect the integrity of intestinal mucosa, and change the structure of intestinal microbiota, indicating the potential value of Anemoside B4 in regulating intestinal microbiota and the prevention of intestinal diseases.

本研究旨在评估安尼莫苷B4对犊牛腹泻发生率、血清指标和粪便微生物群的影响。选取体重相似（平均体重为43.7 ± 3.9公斤）的60头新生中国荷斯坦犊牛，随机分为四个组，每组15头，分别提供含0（对照组）、15（A1组）、30（A2组）和45（A3组）毫克/天安尼莫苷B4的饲料。试验期为56天。在犊牛28天和56天大时收集血液和粪便样本。结果显示，在整个试验期间，A1组、A2组和A3组的腹泻发生率显著低于对照组（p < 0.05）。与对照组相比，安尼莫苷B4的补充显著降低了28日龄血清D-乳酸和二胺氧化酶的含量（p < 0.05）。在56日龄时，A3组的血清D-乳酸含量呈上升趋势（0.05 < p < 0.01），与对照组相比，血清二胺氧化酶含量显著增加（p < 0.05）。与对照组相比，A3组在28日龄时Chao1和Simpson指数升高（0.05 < p < 0.01），在56日龄时Chao1、Observed_species、Shannon和Simpson指数均显著升高（p < 0.05）。与对照组相比，45毫克/天安尼莫苷B4的补充显著增加了28日龄Bacteroidota（门水平）和Prevotella（属水平）的含量（p < 0.05），以及56日龄Sutterella（属水平）的含量（p < 0.05），并促进了能量代谢、糖类生物合成与代谢、辅因子和维生素的代谢过程（p < 0.05）。Prevotella与辅因子和维生素的代谢、能量代谢和糖类生物合成与代谢呈正相关。Sutterella与能量代谢呈正相关。综上所述，安尼莫苷B4能够有效缓解犊牛腹泻，保护肠道黏膜的完整性，并改变肠道微生物群的结构，显示出安尼莫苷B4在调节肠道微生物群和预防肠道疾病中的潜在价值。