Psychometric properties of intentional and unintentional non-adherence measurement tools

Background: Distinguishing intentional from unintentional non-adherence (persistent forgetfulness) is key when contemplating interventions to optimise medication adherence.
Objective: To categorise patient-reported-outcome measures (PROM) into their propensity to detect intentional and unintentional non-adherence to medication, and to synthesise their psychometric properties.
Design: Review’s conduct and reporting were based on the PRISMA-2020 checklist and COSMIN-2018 guidelines. We searched publications from January 1980 –1 March 2022 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and Cochrane Library. Articles describing the PROM development and validation of the scoring methods to categorise patients into non or adherent, and those which incorporated a proxy measure for adherence were included. We assessed the quality of studies using the COSMIN risk of bias tool and included studies which described a minimum of 2 psychometric properties. Open-ended PROM items, w...