A combination of Time-Variable Gravity Field Solutions from Multi-Satellite Datasets (1993-2024) via Least-Squares Collocation

This dataset provides monthly, gapless, filter-free gravity field solutions from January 1993 to December 2024. The solutions are derived by merging multiple satellite missions (GRACE, SLR, and LEO satellites) using constrained Least-Squares Collocation (LSC), without relying on hydrological or climate models, and achieve higher accuracy than existing gravity field reconstruction methods (e.g., machine learning, EOF, and VCE). Evaluations of sea-level budget closure and water balance at global and basin scales demonstrate substantial improvements. The results agree well with IMBIE estimates of ice-sheet mass change in Antarctica and Greenland, supporting the dataset’s suitability for monitoring Earth’s water and ice systems.