Organizational Citizenship Behavior in AI-Driven Workplaces: Effects of Transformational Leadership and Digital Work Self-Efficacy

The pervasive integration of artificial intelligence (AI), digital platforms, and automation has fundamentally reshaped contemporary workplaces, forcing employees to continuously adapt to highly technology-mediated environments. In navigating this digital transformation, organizations must pinpoint the catalysts for Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), discretionary actions vital for sustaining workplace collaboration and innovation. This study investigates how Transformational Leadership (TL) and Digital Work Self-Efficacy (DWSE) drive OCB among Generation Z employees within AI-driven organizations in Indonesia. Employing a quantitative explanatory approach, we surveyed 105 Generation Z employees who interact daily with AI-supported systems. Data analytics were performed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4. The empirical findings demonstrate that both Transformational Leadership and Digital Work Self-Efficacy exert significant positive effects on OCB. While transformational leaders successfully inspire extra-role behaviors by cultivating a supportive ecosystem, Digital Work Self-Efficacy emerged as the single most powerful predictor of OCB. This reveals that an employee's internal confidence in handling digital shifts is the primary engine for voluntary contributions. Consequently, these insights highlight that optimizing organizational adaptability in the AI era requires a strategic synergy between visionary leadership and targeted initiatives that solidify employees' digital confidence.