Table 5 in The potential of Apiaceae species as sources of singular phytochemicals and plant-based pesticides

Table 5 General cytotoxicity induced by different classes of phytochemicals and reported events taking place at the cellular level. a
EOsDamage the cellular membrane and organelles Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation Decreased ATPase and dehydrogenase activities Causes nuclear and cytoplasmic mutagenicityMost monoterpenesCause reduction in the number of intact mitochondria and Golgi bodies Impair respiration and photosynthesisHydrocarbonsAct as solvents of the cellular membrane compromising its integrity and increasing the movement of other molecules across the cellPhenolicsProduce very reactive phenoxyl radicals when oxidized by contact with reactive oxygen speciesPhenols, aldehydes, and alcoholsAct as prooxidants on proteins and DNAFurocoumarinsAct as photoactive molecules; Produce radical reactions and oxygen singlet; Crosslink both strands of DNA by binding to pyrimidine bases, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription.
a Sources: Bakkali et al. (2008); Tripathi et al. (2009).