Single-cell Analysis of Adipose Tissues Revealed the Potential Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Cold and Disease Resistance in Mongolian Cattle

Adipose tissue plays essential roles in adapting to harsh environmental conditions in Mongolian cattle. To dig out the cellular and molecular mechanism of adipose tissue taking part in the tolerance of rough feeding, cold temperature and disease of Mongolian cattle, here, we applied single-nucleus RNA-seq to map the landscape of cell types and profiles of transcriptome of adipose tissues at different anatomical depots at single-nucleus resolution. The entire adipogenic trajectory from preadipocyte commitment to mature adipocytes was analyzed. The results showed that the existence of different adipocyte subpopulations at subcutaneous, perirenal and greater omentum for which acting as a storage depot for body energy to protect vital organs and to insulate the body against heat loss.The interaction between macrophages and adipocytes and as an endocrine and immunologically active organ to regulate systemic energy and metabolism homeostasis and to modulate T cell activity and subsequent adipose tissue inflammation through antigen presentation of adipocytes to T cells.The data provide a powerful resource for future hypothesis-driven investigations of the mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue plasticity. Adipose tissues at greaer omental, subcutaneous, perirenal depots of Mongolian cattle were collected. The cells and cell subtypes are identified busing snRNA-seq.