Seawater carbonate chemistry and changes in gill neuroepithelial cells and morphology of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

In this study, the neuroepithelial cells (NECs) of marine threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were characterized using immunohistochemistry. We then determined if there were changes in NEC size and density, and in gill morphology in response to either mild (10 kPa) or moderate (6.8 kPa) hypoxia and two levels of elevated CO2 (1,500 and 3,000 µatm).