Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances.

More than six million substances belong to the chemical group of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). This extensive group of substances is also a challenge for analytics. In particular, the evidence of the overall PFAS burden is highly relevant for monitoring and risk assessment. The present study tested various analytical methods for the determination of PFAS in groundwater and surface waters, sewage treatment plants and wastewater as well as landfill leakage. A particular focus was on the evaluation of methods for determining the parameter “PFAS as a whole” in accordance with the Drinking Water Directive (TWRL (EU)2020/2184 as amended) in order to assist the European Commission in establishing technical guidelines to determine this parameter.