The association of FR genes and bladder carcinogenesis

We identified a set of alternative target genes that we term "forerunner" (FR) genes (ITM2B, LPAR6, MLNR, CAB39L, and ARL11) whose silencing was associated with development of clonal plaque-like mucosal field effects initiating bladder carcinogenesis. We focused on two model FR genes, LPAR6 and CAB39L, and validated their involvement in the development of mucosal field effects.