上海市松江区九亭地区老年人骨质疏松患病状况及危险因素分析

Objective To explore the prevalence and related risk factors of osteoporosis (OP) in the elderly over 60 years old in Jiuting district, Songjiang District, Shanghai.Methods Using the research method of cross sectional study with a multistage sampling,2175 elderly aged above 60 years old participating Questionnare survey who attended physical examination in Community Health Service Center of Jiuting Town were chosen from July in 2021 to December in 2022．Questionnaire survey,blood test and bone mineraldensity(BMD)test were conducted．The differences in all the parameters among the elderly with different bone mass level were analyzed using t-test,chi-square test,Binary Logistic regression was used toscreen the potential risk factors of OP．Results The prevalence of OP in the elderly aged above 60 years old in Jiuting was 45.89％.The prevalence of OP increased gradually with the advanced age.The prevalence rate of male was significantly lower than that of female (P<0.01).Single factor analysis showed that Dairy products, combination of meat and vegetable, taking calcium, physical exercise and sun exposure were the protective factors for osteoporosis (p < 0.05). Multifactor analysis showed that female were the risk factors for osteoporosis.Low awareness of the knowledge of osteoporosis risk factors, diagnosis and treatment and prevention were In Jiuting area.Conclusion The prevalent rate of OP in the elderly above 60 years old in Jiuting is 45.89％．The main risk factors are female and advanced age.Drinking tea, dairy products, combination of meat and vegetable, taking calcium, physical exercise and sun exposure were the protective factors for osteoporosis.The awareness rate of osteoporosis related knowledge is low, and health education should be strengthened in order to control and prevent the occurrence and development of osteoporosis.

研究目的 探讨上海市松江区九亭地区60岁以上老年人群骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP)的患病率及其相关危险因素。研究方法 采用多阶段抽样的横断面研究方法，选取2021年7月至2022年12月期间，在九亭镇社区卫生服务中心参加体检并完成问卷调查的2175名60岁以上老年人作为研究对象。所有研究对象均接受问卷调查、血液检测及骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)检测。采用t检验、卡方检验分析不同骨量水平老年人群各参数的差异，并通过二元Logistic回归筛选骨质疏松症的潜在危险因素。研究结果 九亭地区60岁以上老年人群骨质疏松症患病率为45.89%，患病率随年龄增长逐渐升高；男性患病率显著低于女性（P<0.01）。单因素分析显示，乳制品摄入、荤素搭配、补钙、体育锻炼及日照均为骨质疏松症的保护因素（p<0.05）。多因素分析结果表明，女性为骨质疏松症的独立危险因素。九亭地区居民对骨质疏松症危险因素、诊治及预防相关知识的知晓率较低。研究结论 九亭地区60岁以上老年人群骨质疏松症患病率为45.89%，主要危险因素为女性及高龄；饮茶、乳制品摄入、荤素搭配、补钙、体育锻炼及日照均为骨质疏松症的保护因素。该地区居民骨质疏松相关知识知晓率偏低，应加强健康教育工作以防控骨质疏松症的发生与发展。