Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (Arctic GRO) River Discharge Data (1936-2024)

The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO) discharge dataset provides long-term, high-resolution river discharge measurements from major Arctic rivers to support hydrological, biogeochemical, and climate research. Data are compiled through collaborative efforts of national hydrological agencies, including Roshydromet (Russia), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, United States), and the Water Survey of Canada (WSC, Canada). Discharge records are available for key Arctic rivers such as the Mackenzie, Yukon, Ob’, Yenisey, Lena, and Kolyma, with additional coverage from rivers including Onega, Northern Dvina, Mezen’, Pechora, Nadym, Pur, Olenek, Yana, and Indigirka. The dataset spans nearly a century of observations (from as early as the 1930s to the present) and is continuously updated with both certified and provisional daily discharge values. These data are provided in units of cubic meters per second (m³ s⁻¹) and support research on hydrological variability, climate change impacts, freshwater fluxes, and Arctic system processes.北极大河流观测站（Arctic Great Rivers Observatory, ArcticGRO）径流量数据集提供主要北极河流的长期高分辨率河流径流量实测数据，以支撑水文、生物地球化学及气候相关研究。该数据集由多国国家水文机构协作汇编而成，参与机构包括俄罗斯联邦水文气象和环境监测局（Roshydromet）、美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey, USGS）以及加拿大水文调查局（Water Survey of Canada, WSC）。径流量记录覆盖马更些河、育空河、鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、勒拿河与科雷马河等核心北极河流，同时涵盖奥涅加河、北德维纳河、梅津河、伯朝拉河、纳迪姆河、普尔河、奥列尼奥克河、亚纳河与因迪吉尔卡河等流域。该数据集的观测时间跨度近一个世纪（最早可追溯至20世纪30年代，直至当前），并持续更新经认证与临时的每日径流量数据。数据单位为立方米每秒（m³ s⁻¹），可用于水文变异性、气候变化影响、淡水通量以及北极系统过程等相关研究。