Compositional shifts in root-associated bacterial and archaeal microbiota track the plant life-cycle in field-grown rice

Bacterial communities associated with roots impact the health and nutrition of the host plant. The dynamics of these microbial assemblies over the plant life cycle is however, not well understood. Here, we use dense temporal sampling of 1588 samples from root spatial compartments to characterize the bacterial and archaeal components of the root-associated microbiota of field grown rice (Oryza sativa) over the course of three consecutive growing seasons, as well as two sites in diverse geographic regions. The root microbiota was found to be highly dynamic during the vegetative phase of plant growth, then stabilized compositionally for the remainder of the life cycle. Bacterial and archaeal taxa conserved between field sites were defined as predictive features of rice plant age by modeling using a random forests approach. The age-prediction models revealed that drought stressed plants have developmentally immature microbiota compared to unstressed plants. Further, by using genotypes with...