Compound probiotics relieved constipation, immunity, gut microbiome, and blood metabolites of sows in late gestation and lactation

Constipation and systemic inflammation are common in late pregnant and lactating sows, which cause health problems like uteritis, mastitis, dystocia or even stillbirth. Probiotic supplementation can improve such issues, but the beneficial mechanism of relieving constipation and enhancing gut motility remains underexplored.