Dataset: LoRaWAN LR-FHSS End-Device Current Consumption Measurements

Overview:

This is the raw data of a current consumption measurement campaign of an end-device implementing the novel LoRaWAN LR-FHSS mechanism. The measurements have been made implementing a complete network, which includes a gateway, end-device and network server all implementing the LoRaWAN LR-FHSS technology.  We used the following equipment:

Gateway: Kerlink iBTS Compact

End-Device: LR1121DVK1TBKS

Network Server: ChirpStack

Power Analyzer: Keysight 14585A

The provided files are for uplink LR-FHSS transmission measurements with and without confirmation with different LR-FHSS DR configurations. The current consumption exclusively accounts for the radio interface.

The configuration of the end-device is the following:

FRM Payload Size: 4 bytes

Transmission Power: +14 dBm

This dataset is part of a published journal article: R. Sanchez-Vital, L. Casals, B. Heer-Salva, R. Vidal, C. Gomez, E. Garcia-Villegas, "Energy Performance of LR-FHSS: Analysis and Evaluation", Sensors 24, no. 17: 5770, Sep. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175770

The manuscript provides current consumption measurements, an analytical model of the average current consumption, battery lifetime, and energy efficiency of data transmission, and the evaluation of several parameters.

Journal Article Abstract:

Long-range frequency hopping spread spectrum (LR-FHSS) is a pivotal advancement in the LoRaWAN protocol that is designed to enhance the network’s capacity and robustness, particularly in densely populated environments. Although energy consumption is paramount in LoRaWAN-based end devices, this is the first study in the literature, to our knowledge, that models the impact of this novel mechanism on energy consumption. In this article, we provide a comprehensive energy consumption analytical model of LR-FHSS, focusing on three critical metrics: average current consumption, battery lifetime, and energy efficiency of data transmission. The model is based on measurements performed on real hardware in a fully operational LR-FHSS network. While in our evaluation, LR-FHSS can show worse consumption figures than LoRa, we find that with optimal configuration, the battery lifetime of LR-FHSS end devices can reach 2.5 years for a 50 min notification period. For the most energy-efficient payload size, this lifespan can be extended to a theoretical maximum of up to 16 years with a one-day notification interval using a cell-coin battery.

Data structure:

Filenames:

ACK and noACK state the use (or not) of confirmation. DR8 to DR11 state the use of each of the LR-FHSS DR configurations.

CSV file structure:

The first three rows refer to metadata (Power Analyzer and End-Device models, utilization of ACK, DR configuration, Sampling Period and Measurement Date).

Then, the labels are in the fourth row (Time, Current).

The other rows refer to the actual measurements. Time instants are measured in seconds and current in Amperes.