Toward Climate Justice: Resilience and Adaptation Strategies for Vulnerable Developing Countries

Toward Climate Justice: Resilience and Adaptation Strategies for Vulnerable Developing Countries

Surender Kumar¹, Maureen O'Sullivan², Abhnash K Bains³, Vidya Padmakumar⁴, Silverio Allocca⁵, Gelito Inacio Franco Sululu⁶, Cristiano Carocci⁷, Anu Gauba⁸, Clare Walker⁹, & Progga Parmita Chowdhury¹⁰

¹ ALA Fellow, Melbourne University, Australia / India, ² Fellow, Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics, University of Galway, Ireland, ³ Ishkama Global Change CIC, London, United Kingdom, ⁴ EcoDiversity Lab, New Hazelton, British Columbia, Canada, ⁵ Researcher & Analyst, Italy, ⁶ National Representative, Commonwealth Youth Climate Change, Mozambique, Africa, ⁷ Political and Cultural Analyst, Italy, ⁸ Principal & Professor, Department of Nursing, GD Goenka University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, ⁹ Clare Walker Consulting Ltd, England, ¹⁰ Independent Researcher, National University of Bangladesh

Abstract
Climate change disproportionately affects developing countries due to their limited adaptive capacity, socio-economic constraints, and increased exposure to climate-related hazards. This paper investigates resilience and adaptation strategies through the lens of climate justice, highlighting the importance of equitable and inclusive approaches. Using a secondary research methodology, it synthesizes theoretical frameworks and empirical data from peer-reviewed literature, international reports, and climate finance databases. A quantitative analysis evaluates adaptation investments and their impact on reducing vulnerability, supported by numerical calculations and country-specific case studies. The study concludes with actionable policy recommendations aimed at achieving both sustainability and justice.