Random-effect parameters of the minimally adequate model fitted to the pronunciation distances from standard Dutch.

The column Cor. contains the correlations between the random slopes and/or intercepts. The first number in the first correlation column for the by-word random slopes represents the correlation between the by-word random slope for population size and the by-word random slope for average age, while the second number represents the correlation between the by-word random slope for population size and the by-word random slope for average income. The first number in the second column represents the correlation between the by-word random slopes of average income and average age. Similarly, the first correlation column for the by-location random slopes contains the correlations between the by-location random intercept and the random slope for word frequency and the noun-verb contrast, respectively. The second column contains the correlation between the by-location random slopes for word frequency and the noun-verb contrast. See the text for interpretation.