Ecological impact evaluation by constructing in situ microcosm with porous ceramic arrowhead

In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the porous ceramic arrowhead for determining the ecological impact of phenol, a common environmental pollutant. The arrowhead has a cylindrical shape that enables the addition of various chemicals within its cavity. Upon burial in the soil, the chemical-added arrowhead enables percolation of the added chemicals into the soil, which creates a unique environment "in situ microcosm". Thus, the impact of various pollutants on soil microorganisms can be evaluated by analyzing the soil from the in situ microcosm. The arrowhead is a ceramic, which is selectively permeable and allows chemicals to pass through but blocks the passage of microorganisms. Thus, the arrowhead prohibits direct contact of soil microorganisms with high concentrations of chemicals. In addition, the arrowhead is made of clay, which is an inert material that does not influence the soil microorganisms.