Green bond issuance by type of issuer

<p>Green bonds are loans provided by an investor to a borrower which are used to fund projects or activities that promote climate change mitigation or adaptation or other environmental objectives. While the green bond definition can vary, this indicator includes bonds that are aligned with the four core components of the International Capital Market Association (ICMA) green bond principles or are certified by the Climate Bond Initiative (CBI). Issuers include supranational issuers such as the EU or the EIB, subnational issuers such as municipalities or agencies, corporates such as a company or financial corporation, and sovereign bond issuers which are national governments.</p>

<p>绿色债券是投资者向融资方提供的贷款，其募集资金用于资助有助于气候变化减缓、适应或其他环境目标的项目与活动。尽管绿色债券的定义存在差异，但本指标涵盖符合国际资本市场协会（International Capital Market Association, ICMA）绿色债券原则四项核心要素，或经气候债券倡议组织（Climate Bond Initiative, CBI）认证的债券。发行主体包括超国家发行机构（如欧盟（European Union, EU）、欧洲投资银行（European Investment Bank, EIB））、次国家发行机构（如市政当局或相关机构）、企业（如普通公司或金融机构），以及代表国家政府的主权债券发行方。</p>