Seasonal Variations of Microbial Communities and Viral Diversity in Fishery-Enhanced Marine Ranching Sediments: Insights into Metabolic Potentials and Ecological Interactions

Sediment samples were collected in four seasons from May 2022 to January 2023 from the Tian coastal marine ranching (36°91′ N and 122°15′ E) located along Jinghai Bay in Weihai City, Shandong Province, China. We employed amplicon (16S and 18S) and metagenomic approaches aiming to reveal the seasonal patterns of microbial communities, bacterial-eukaryotic interactions, whole metabolic potential, and their coupling mechanisms with carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) cycling in marine ranching sediments. Additionally, the characterization and diversity of viral communities in different seasons were explored in marine ranching sediments.  This dataset mainly includes amplicon sequencing (16S and 18S) generated ASV tables (after rarefied), corresponding taxonomic classification tables, metagenome assembly (Single assembly and Co-assembly), metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) sequences, and viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) sequences.