Effectiveness of nanofluids for increasing nucleate boiling: comparison review

This review presents a structured comparative analysis of nanofluids for enhancing nucleate boiling, focusing on TiO₂-based and hybrid nanofluids (HyNFs) across both pool and flow boiling regimes. Key criteria include nanoparticle type, concentration, base fluid, and heating surface material, with performance evaluated through critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient improvements. Unlike previous reviews that mainly summarize individual studies or focus on single nanofluid types, this work systematically compares TiO₂ and HyNFs, highlighting their advantages and tradeoffs. The analysis synthesizes findings from various experiments, revealing that HyNFs can provide superior thermal performance due to increased nucleation site density, improved wettability, and enhanced thermal conductivity. The review identifies research gaps, such as the need for long-term stability studies and industrial-scale applications, and concludes that nanofluids, especially hybrid formulations, offer significant potential for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly thermal management. This critical approach provides valuable insights for optimizing nanofluid selection and application in advanced boiling heat transfer systems.