Validation of Preschool HEAR-QL in Turkish (Kırseven et al., 2024)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess preschool children’s hearing-related quality of life and to introduce the scale, originally titled “Preschool Hearing Environments and Reflections on Quality of Life Questionnaire” (Preschool HEAR-QL), to the literature through Turkish adaption, validity, and reliability analyses.Method: Our study included 210 children aged 2–6 years: 110 with hearing loss (56 cochlear implant users and 54 hearing aid users) and 100 with normal hearing. Demographic data were collected and then the Preschool HEAR-QL, which was translated into Turkish, was administered twice at 15-day intervals. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine whether the factor structure found in the original scale development study was confirmed in our sample (construct validity). Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation scores, and the test–retest method were used to assess the scale’s reliability as the findings were analyzed using paired samples t tests.Results: The children with hearing loss had lower scores than their normal-hearing peers, and the difference was significant in the subdomains of behavior and attention, hearing environments, and communication. The subscale of the Preschool Period Listening Environments and their Reflections on Quality of Life Scale consists of 23 items, and Cronbach’s alpha value was found as 0.922 in the first application and 0.926 in the second application (high reliability). In the model established for validity analysis, χ2/df = 2.156, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.074, standard root-mean-square residual = 0.078, goodness-of-fit index = 0.830, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.789, comparative fit index = 0.895, and Tucker–Lewis index = 0.881 (good model fit). In terms of test–retest reliability, the correlation between the two measurements was 0.837, and there was no statistical difference between the test–retest scores (p = .15).Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Preschool HEAR-QL scale was proven to be a valid and reliable scale for assessing the hearing-related quality of life of children aged 2–6 years.Supplemental Material S1. Participant data.Kırseven, S., Tahir, E., & Yaşar, Ö. (2024). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Preschool Hearing Environments and Reflection on Quality of Life Questionnaire. American Journal of Audiology, , 33(2), 343–353. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-23-00033

研究目的：本研究旨在评估学龄前儿童的听力相关生活质量，并通过土耳其语版本的对“学龄前听力环境与生活质量问卷”（原名：Preschool Hearing Environments and Reflections on Quality of Life Questionnaire，简称Preschool HEAR-QL）的改编、效度和信度分析，将该问卷引入文献。研究方法：本研究纳入了210名2至6岁的儿童：其中110名患有听力损失（56名耳蜗植入用户和54名助听器用户）以及100名听力正常儿童。收集了人口统计学数据，随后在15天间隔内两次实施土耳其语版本的Preschool HEAR-QL。通过验证性因素分析确定，原始量表开发研究中发现的因素结构是否在我们的样本中得到证实（结构效度）。采用Cronbach’s alpha系数、组内相关系数和重测法评估量表的信度，分析结果使用配对样本t检验。研究结果：听力损失儿童的得分低于听力正常的同龄人，在行为与注意力、听力环境以及沟通等子领域中的差异均显著。Preschool HEAR-QL量表的子量表“学龄前听力环境及其对生活质量的影响”包含23个项目，首次应用时的Cronbach’s alpha系数为0.922，第二次应用时的系数为0.926（信度较高）。在效度分析建立的模型中，χ2/df = 2.156，近似均方根误差 = 0.074，标准均方根残差 = 0.078，拟合优度指数 = 0.830，调整拟合优度指数 = 0.789，比较拟合优度指数 = 0.895，Tucker-Lewis指数 = 0.881（模型拟合良好）。就重测信度而言，两次测量之间的相关系数为0.837，重测得分之间无统计学差异（p = .15）。研究结论：Preschool HEAR-QL量表的土耳其语版本被证实是评估2至6岁儿童听力相关生活质量的效度和信度量表。补充材料S1：参与者数据。Kırseven, S., Tahir, E., & Yaşar, Ö. (2024). Turkish version of Preschool Hearing Environments and Reflection on Quality of Life Questionnaire: Validity and Reliability. American Journal of Audiology, 33(2), 343–353. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-23-00033