Four most probable organizational models when using the genetic distance FST/(1−FST) in Mantel tests.

D = distance, H = human settlement, R = road, T = topography, G = genetic distance. The period in the expectation abbreviations separate the covariate matrix from the two primary matrices. For example, DG. H indicates a partial Mantel test between the geographical distance and genetic matrices, with the human settlement matrix partialed out. Boldface indicates that the P value matches the expectations of the model. S = significant, NS = not significant, P