Consistent ground surface temperature records for the CMA stations over China for 1956–2022 via numerical simulation

The ground surface represents the land-atmosphere interface and plays a crucial role in exchanging energy, matter, and biochemical fluxes. The ground surface temperature (Ts) is hence widely investigated as an indicator to understand the thermal state of soil in a warming world. However, regular and continuous Ts measurements are rare worldwide, and the early Ts records were derived from snow surface measurements and are not comparable with the measurements of the modern automatic systems. In this dataset, we reconstructed the Ts records of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) for 1956–2022 by numerical simulation.