THE STUDY OF ENGINEERING GRAPHICS IN CENTRAL ASIA AND UZBEKISTAN

This article explores the historical development, scientific foundations, and pedagogical significance of engineering graphics in Central Asia and Uzbekistan. It examines the origins of graphic thinking in the region through architecture, geometry, applied arts, and the scientific legacy of Eastern scholars. The article analyzes how engineering graphics evolved from traditional forms of visual and spatial representation into an independent academic discipline within technical education. Particular attention is paid to the contribution of descriptive geometry, technical drawing, projection theory, and graphic literacy in the preparation of engineers, architects, builders, and designers. The study also discusses the transformation of engineering graphics in the modern educational system under the influence of industrialization, higher technical education, digital technologies, and computer-aided design systems. It is argued that engineering graphics is not merely a technical subject, but a complex educational field that develops spatial imagination, logical reasoning, professional accuracy, and design competence. The article concludes that in Uzbekistan, engineering graphics has become an essential component of professional training and continues to expand through the integration of traditional graphic methods with modern digital tools.