ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Android is the world's most widely used mobile operating system, powering billions of smartphones, tablets, wearable devices, and embedded systems. Its architecture is designed as a layered software stack that provides flexibility, security, and high performance. The Android operating system consists of five main layers: Applications, Application Framework, Android Runtime and Native Libraries, Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), and the Linux Kernel. Each layer performs specific functions that ensure efficient communication between applications and hardware resources. The Linux Kernel manages memory, process scheduling, device drivers, and security, while HAL provides standardized interfaces between hardware components and higher software layers.