Nanobody-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Real-Time Detection of Aerosolized SARS-CoV2

Background: This study found novel means to detect SARS-CoV-2 as well as create a platform to detect other and future pathogens, which would enable the ability to limit the viral spread throughout the community in current and future pandemics.

Materials/Methods: This study examined an electrochemical biosensor in two detection devices: a diagnostic breathalyzer for instant detection of SARS-CoV-2, and an airborne detector for real-time continuous surveillance of a large space. The technology was based on a micro-immunoelectrode (MIE) biosensor to study protein dynamics in the setting of neurodegeneration. The biosensor used voltammetry to measure the oxidation of tyrosine amino acids; oxidation was the release of electrons that the biosensor measures as a change in current. Antibodies were covalently attached to the electrode surface to provide selectivity.

Outcome/Impact: The study optimized the biosensor to detect SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, as well as tested several parameters to increase sensitivity and longevity. A test breathalyzer was built to utilize a nebulizer to generate virus laden air containing aerosol droplets similar to a breath that contains defined concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. This study also tested the airborne biosensor in a realistic environment mimicking real-world conditions, in the context of atmospheric aerosols, necessary for testing and optimizing the biosensor's performance for field deployment.