Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetic Kidney Allograft Recipients: Efficacy of Islet After Kidney Transplantation

The CIT consortium conducted a total of 9 studies across North America (CIT02 through CIT08) and the Nordic region (CIT01). CIT08 was a long-term follow-up study for interested participants at the North American sites. The target population was individuals with type 1 diabetes, normal kidney function, and intractable hypoglycemia. All studies treated participants with up to 3 separate infusions of islets. Unlike the other studies, subjects in CIT06 had previously received a kidney transplant and were receiving maintenance immunosuppression. CIT06 was a single arm Phase 3 license-supporting study. At the time of islet transplant, subjects in CIT06 received induction therapy in an open-label fashion with rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG, 5 doses; daclizumab or basiliximab instead of ATG for the 2nd and 3rd transplants, if applicable) and etanercept. Subjects remained on their calcineurin-based maintenance immunosuppression regimen already in place for their renal allograft.