Human sex-specific demography inferred from genetic data.

This table summarizes the observed patterns of sex-specific differences in demographic parameters reported in a number of recent studies. The first column lists the location of the sampled populations, or indicates whether the study is conducted at a global scale. The second column gives the markers used, and the third column indicates the statistical methods employed. The fourth column provides indications on social organization, available a priori for the populations under study. In the fifth and sixth columns, the authors' interpretations of sex-specific differences in demographic parameters are given, with respect to skewed gene flow and/or effective numbers.aIndications on social organization, marriage rules, etc., as provided by the authors.bThe differences in demographic parameters between males and females, as inferred by the authors, are given in terms of sex-biased gene flow, and skewed effective numbers; the authors' interpretation to the observed pattern is given in parentheses, when available.cSingle nucleotide polymorphisms.dAnalysis of molecular variance [69].eNot available (no detailed information given by the authors concerning social organization, marriage rules, etc.).fShort tandem repeats.gTime to the most recent common ancestor.hmtDNA and NRY were not sampled in the same individuals or populations.iThe authors discussed a possible difference in demographic parameters between males and females, but considered it as negligible.jThe authors did not consider this pattern.kFood-producer populations.lHunter-gatherer populations.mMonte Carlo Markov chain method to estimate population sizes and migration rates [70].nVariance in Reproductive Success.opopulation-mutation parameter.