Contemporary regulation of drug prices in Brazil - a critical analysis

ABSTRACT Price regulation aims to ensure sustainability of pharmaceutical care. Aiming to critically discuss the regulation of pharmaceutical prices in Brazil, we elaborated an essay based on document analysis (2000-2017) of the pharmaceutical economic regulation found at the Medication Regulation Chamber (CMED), journals, theses, and publications of the Legislature and pharmaceutical industry. For 15 years, Act no. 10.742/2003 has established a price ceiling model, comprising maximum prices for medicines and annual readjustments according to a formula defined in law. Model, implementation and formula have all been criticized. The formula links adjustments to the IPCA (general inflation index), adding indexes for production costs, competition, and productivity. The longevity of the model, without regular realignment of the ceiling to actual market prices, as recommended in specialized literature, generates price ceilings detached from reality, which deepen information asymmetries and may support abusive price increases in the future. Prioritization of market efficiency over reduction of information asymmetry in the regulatory model has reduced the strength of consumers in the debate. The current regulatory model has advanced in relation to previous liberalized pricing policies, but further improvement depends on the appropriation of the theme and increasing participation of consumers and health professionals in the regulatory process.