Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 2): Daily Stress Project, 2004-2009

The Daily Stress Project of MIDUS II contains data from 2,022 respondents. These respondents include three distinct groups, all of whom completed the Project 1 Survey: (1) longitudinal (n = 794), (2) expanded (n = 1,048), and (3) Milwaukee (n = 180). The longitudinal group included individuals who participated in the Daily Stress Project at Time 1, the expanded group consisted of Time 2 participants from all MIDUS subsamples (RDD, twins, siblings) who did not participate in the Daily Stress Project at Time 1, and the Milwaukee group contained individuals who participated in the baseline MIDUS Milwaukee study, initiated in 2005. The purpose of the Daily Stress Project was to examine how sociodemographic factors, health status, personality characteristics, and genetic endowment modify patterns of change in exposure to day-to-day life stressors as well as physical and emotional reactivity to these stressors. The primary aims were to: (1) describe how the links between multiple aspects of daily stressors (e.g., frequency, content, severity) and daily physical and emotional well-being change over ten years during adulthood; (2) examine how sociodemographic factors and personality characteristics influence change in both exposure to as well as changes in physical and emotional reactivity to daily stressors; (3) investigate how exposure and reactivity to daily stressors correlate with physiological indicators of physical health and predict changes in global health reports; and (4) explore the relative genetic and environmental influences mediating change in exposure and physical and emotional reactivity to daily stressors throughout adulthood. Respondents in the NSDE are a representative subsample of the MIDUS (Midlife in the United States) survey. The Daily Stress study is Project 2 of the MIDUS longitudinal study, a national survey of more than 7,000 Americans (aged 25 to 74) began in 1994. The purpose of the larger study was to investigate the role of behavioral, psychological, and social factors in understanding age-related differences in physical and mental health. With support from the National Institute on Aging, a longitudinal follow-up of the original MIDUS samples [core sample (N = 3,487), metropolitan over-samples (N = 757), twins (N = 957 pairs), and siblings (N = 950)] was conducted in 2004-2006. Guiding hypotheses, at the most general level, were that behavioral and psychosocial factors are consequential for health (physical and mental). A description of the study and findings from it are available on the MIDUS Web site.

MIDUS II每日压力项目包含2,022名受访者的数据。这些受访者分为三个不同的群体，均完成了项目1调查：(1)纵向研究组（n = 794），(2)扩展研究组（n = 1,048），以及(3)密尔沃基研究组（n = 180）。纵向研究组包括在时间1参与每日压力项目的人员，扩展研究组由所有MIDUS子样本（RDD、双胞胎、兄弟姐妹）在时间2的参与者组成，他们在时间1未参与每日压力项目，而密尔沃基研究组则包含在2005年启动的基线MIDUS密尔沃基研究中参与的人员。每日压力项目的目的是探究社会人口学因素、健康状况、人格特征和遗传禀赋如何调节日常压力源暴露以及对这些压力源的生理和情绪反应的变动模式。主要目标包括：(1)描述日常压力源的多个方面（如频率、内容、严重程度）与日常生理和情绪福祉之间的联系如何在成年后的十年间变化；(2)考察社会人口学因素和人格特征如何影响日常压力源的暴露及其对生理和情绪反应的变化；(3)研究日常压力源的暴露和反应与生理健康指标的相关性，以及预测全球健康报告的变化；(4)探讨在成年期间调节日常压力源暴露及其生理和情绪反应变化的相对遗传和环境影响。NSDE中的受访者是MIDUS（美国中年）调查的代表子样本。每日压力研究是MIDUS纵向研究的第二个项目，这是一项始于1994年的针对7,000多名美国人（年龄在25至74岁之间）的全国性调查。更大规模研究的目的在于探究行为、心理和社会因素在理解年龄相关的生理和心理健康差异中的作用。在国立老年研究所的支持下，对原始MIDUS样本（核心样本[N = 3,487]、城市过度样本[N = 757]、双胞胎[N = 957对]和兄弟姐妹[N = 950]）进行了纵向跟踪调查，调查时间为2004-2006年。在最一般的层面上，指导假设是行为和心理社会因素对健康（生理和心理健康）具有决定性影响。关于该研究和其发现的具体描述可在MIDUS网站上查阅。