The operation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) at low temperatures (≤−20 °C) is limited by reduced ionic transport properties of the electrolyte, as well as by severe charge-transfer polarization. Here
Nyquist plots before and after polarization, and chronoamperograms for Li/Li cells, the initial two charge-discharge curves of NMC532/graphite pouch cells, and the discharge curves of NMC532/graphite
The operation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) at low temperatures (≤−20 °C) is limited by reduced ionic transport properties of the electrolyte, as well as by severe charge-transfer polarization. Here