Global Emissions Inventory from Open Biomass Burning (GEIOBB): Utilizing Fengyun-3D global fire spot monitoring data

Open biomass burning (OBB) significantly impacts regional and global air quality, climate change, and human health. It is susceptible to fire types, including forests, shrublands, grasslands, peatlands, and croplands burning. Global high-resolution satellites have advantages in detecting active fires, enabling more accurate estimation of these emissions. In this study, we develop a global high-resolution (1 km×1 km) daily emission inventory associated with OBB emissions using the Chinese Fengyun-3D satellite’s global fire spot monitoring data, satellite and observational biomass data, vegetation index-derived spatiotemporal variable combustion efficiency, and land type-based emission factors. The results showed that the average annual OBB emissions for 2020–2022 were 2,586.88 Tg C, 8841.45 Tg CO2, 382.96 Tg CO, 15.83 Tg CH4, 18.42 Tg NOX, 4.07 Tg SO2, 18.68 Tg OC, 3.77 Tg BC, 5.24 Tg NH3, 15.85 Tg NO2, 42.46 Tg PM2.5 and 56.03 Tg PM10. More specifically, taking carbon emissions as an example, the average annual OBB for 2020–2022 were 72.71 (BONA), 165.7 (TENA), 34.1 (CEAM), 42.9 (NHSA), 520.5 (Southern Hemisphere South America; SHSA), 13 (EURO), 8.4 (MIDE), 394.3 (Northern Hemisphere Africa; NHAF), 847 (Southern Hemisphere Africa; SHAF), 167.4 (BOAS), 27.9 (CEAS), 197.3 (Southeast Asia; SEAS), 13.2 (EQAS), and 82.4 (AUST) Tg. SHAF was identified as the regions with the largest emissions. Notably, Savanna Grassland accounted for the lion's share of the total emissions, contributing a substantial 46%, followed by Woody Savanna/Shrubs at 33%. Moreover, a notable seasonal variability characterizes OBB carbon emissions, with a marked escalation observed in July and August. This surge in carbon emissions is chiefly attributed to fires in Savanna Grasslands, Woody Savanna/Shrubs, and Tropical Forests of SHAF, SHSA, and NHAF. Fires in Savanna Grasslands were predominant in NHAF, contributing to 77% of emissions during January–April, while in SEAS, Woody Savanna/Shrubs (52%) and Tropical Forests (23%) were the primary sources. Our comprehensive high–resolution inventory of OBB emissions provide valuable information for enhancing the accuracy of air quality modelling, atmospheric transport and biogeochemical cycle studies.

开放式生物质燃烧（Open Biomass Burning, OBB）会对区域及全球空气质量、气候变化与人类健康造成显著影响。其燃烧类型涵盖森林、灌丛、草原、泥炭地与农田起火。高分辨率全球卫星在热点火检测方面具备显著优势，可实现此类排放的更精准估算。本研究基于中国风云三号D（Fengyun-3D, FY-3D）卫星全球火点监测数据、卫星与观测生物质数据、植被指数反演得到的时空变化燃烧效率，以及基于土地类型的排放因子，构建了一套关联OBB排放的全球高分辨率（1 km×1 km）逐日排放清单。研究结果显示，2020—2022年OBB年均总排放量分别为：碳2586.88 Tg、二氧化碳8841.45 Tg、一氧化碳382.96 Tg、甲烷15.83 Tg、氮氧化物18.42 Tg、二氧化硫4.07 Tg、有机碳18.68 Tg、黑碳3.77 Tg、氨5.24 Tg、二氧化氮15.85 Tg、细颗粒物（PM2.5）42.46 Tg与可吸入颗粒物（PM10）56.03 Tg。具体而言，以碳排放为例，2020—2022年OBB年均碳排放量分别为：北美（BONA）72.71 Tg、欧洲北部（TENA）165.7 Tg、中美洲（CEAM）34.1 Tg、南美北部（NHSA）42.9 Tg、南美南部（南半球，SHSA）520.5 Tg、欧洲（EURO）13 Tg、中东（MIDE）8.4 Tg、非洲北部（北半球，NHAF）394.3 Tg、非洲南部（南半球，SHAF）847 Tg、相关区域（BOAS）167.4 Tg、东亚中部（CEAS）27.9 Tg、东南亚（SEAS）197.3 Tg、赤道亚洲（EQAS）13.2 Tg与澳大利亚（AUST）82.4 Tg。其中非洲南部（南半球，SHAF）为碳排放最高的区域。值得注意的是，稀树草原（Savanna Grassland）贡献了总排放量的最大份额，占比高达46%，其次为木本稀树草原/灌丛（Woody Savanna/Shrubs），占比33%。此外，OBB碳排放呈现显著的季节变化特征，7月与8月排放量明显攀升。此类碳排放激增主要源于非洲南部（南半球，SHAF）、南美南部（南半球，SHSA）以及非洲北部（北半球，NHAF）的稀树草原、木本稀树草原/灌丛与热带森林起火。在非洲北部（北半球，NHAF），稀树草原起火是主要排放源，1—4月贡献了77%的排放量；而在东南亚（SEAS），木本稀树草原/灌丛（52%）与热带森林（23%）为主要排放来源。本研究构建的高精度OBB排放清单，可为提升空气质量模拟、大气传输与生物地球化学循环研究的准确性提供宝贵的数据支撑。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集利用风云3D卫星火点监测数据，构建了2020-2022年全球1公里分辨率的开放生物质燃烧排放清单，包含多种污染物排放量。研究发现非洲南部排放量最大，热带草原是主要排放源(占46%)，排放呈现明显季节性特征。