BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF pH SHIFT, ENZYME SECRETION AND MICROBIOLOGICAL BALANCE IN THE INTESTINE FOLLOWING CHITOSAN ADMINISTRATION

This article analyzes the biochemical mechanisms through which chitosan, a natural deacetylated chitin derivative, influences intestinal pH environment, digestive enzyme secretion, microbial composition and lipid metabolic regulation. Chitosan molecules, rich in proton-binding –NH₃⁺ groups, shift the intestinal environment toward acidic values, suppress pathogenic microorganisms, stimulate secretion of protease, lipase and amylase, and promote the growth of beneficial lactic acid bacteria. Its sorption and ion-exchange capabilities allow binding of bile acids and metallic ions, thereby decreasing cholesterol reabsorption and normalizing lipid metabolism. The findings suggest that chitosan is a promising bioactive compound applicable in veterinary nutrition, probiotic formulations and nutraceutical biotechnology for restoring gut health.