Data underlying the publication: The ECHOWAVE Hindcast: A 30-years high resolution database for wave energy applications in North Atlantic European waters

ECHOWAVE is the acronym used for <strong>E</strong>uropean <strong>CO</strong>asts <strong>H</strong>igh Resolution <strong>O</strong>cean <strong>WAVE</strong>s Hindcast. The dataset was developed using WAVEWATCH III and has a resolution of approximately 2Km with a duration from 1990-2021 at hourly (1-hr) intervals. The coverage are the European Atlantic coastlines.The model employed a 2-way nesting multi-grid scheme to progressively increase spatial resolution closer to the coast (to about 2.3 km). The hindcast generation was designed specially to provide reliable sea states’ characterization for wave energy applications. Primarily, to reduce uncertainties in the wave resource estimation within European coastal waters. In this sense, there are 3 main characteristics from this dataset to highlight.(1) All physical parameterizations adjustments are applied to improve the performance within the North-East Atlantic. This approach allowed to reduce the bias for a wide range of wave heights in the area of interest (compared to existing datasets).(2) Adjustments’ verification and extensive validation is done using the latest ESA Sea State CCI V3 altimeter dataset, which is adequate for coastal applications.(3) High resolution within coastal areas, for depths ≤200 m, allows for a detailed characterization of the wave resource at nearshore and coastal areas.

ECHOWAVE是**欧洲海岸高分辨率海洋波浪后报数据集（European COasts High Resolution Ocean WAVEs Hindcast）**的首字母缩写。该数据集基于WAVEWATCH III数值模式开发，空间分辨率约2千米，时间跨度为1990年至2021年，时间采样间隔为逐小时（1小时）。其覆盖范围为欧洲大西洋海岸线。模型采用双向嵌套多网格方案，逐步提升近岸区域的空间分辨率，最终近岸分辨率可达约2.3千米。
本次后报数据集的构建初衷是为波浪能开发应用提供可靠的海况表征，核心目标是降低欧洲近岸海域波浪能资源评估的不确定性。该数据集具有三大突出特性：
(1) 针对东北大西洋海域优化了全部物理参数化设置，相较于现有公开数据集，该优化有效降低了目标海域内多种波高条件下的模拟偏差；
(2) 采用欧洲空间局（ESA，European Space Agency）最新发布的Sea State CCI V3高度计数据集，对参数化调整方案进行验证与全面校验，该数据集适配近岸应用场景；
(3) 针对水深≤200米的近岸区域采用高分辨率设置，可实现近岸及海岸带波浪能资源的精细化表征。